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Maarouf Saad
Maarouf Saad ((アラビア語:معروف سعد)) (1910〔. Maarouf Saad Cultural Center.〕 or 1914〔–6 March 1975) was a Lebanese politician and activist. He served as Sidon's representative in the Parliament of Lebanon between 1957 and 1972. He founded the Popular Nasserite Organization in 1973. Saad was known to have a charismatic and populist relationship with the residents of Sidon and the adjacent Palestinian refugee camps, according to historian Samir Khalaf.〔Khalaf, 2013, p. 135.〕 Nonetheless, tensions developed between Saad and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the 1970s as they competed for influence in Sidon. Saad's assassination sparked the Lebanese Civil War, and he is considered by many historians the conflict's first casualty.〔Morgan, 2004, p. 127.〕〔Dib, p. 259.〕
==Early life==
Saad was born to a Sunni Muslim family in Sidon in 1910〔 or 1914.〔Zuwiyya, 1972, p. 62.〕 Unlike most of his political colleagues and rivals, Saad hailed from modest origins.〔Khalaf, 2013, p. 136.〕 According to the Maarouf Saad Cultural Center, he received his primary education at the Sidon Evangelical School and attended the Universal College of Aley, graduating in 1929. In 1930, he became a teacher, working in Lebanon, Palestine and Syria between then and 1936.〔
That year, he took part in organizing Palestinian Arab rebel activity in the revolt against the British authorities in Palestine.〔 However, according to historian Samir Khalaf, when Saad left Lebanon to volunteer with the rebels in 1936, it was during the middle of his secondary schooling, not before he graduated.〔 He served with Abd al-Rahim al-Hajj Muhammad's ''fasa'il'' (guerrilla unit).〔(Documents, Correspondence & Photos ). ''Mohamed Ali Eltaher.'' Elaher. 2013.〕 He was imprisoned by the British authorities〔〔 and released in 1937.〔 On his return to Lebanon, he helped organize activity against the French authorities in the country. He was consequently jailed in 1940, and released in 1944 (according to the MSCC)〔 or 1945 (according to Khalaf). In 1945, he became a protege of the nationalist leader Riad al-Solh.〔
As he grew close to al-Solh in 1945, Saad was accepted into the security forces as a police officer. He served this role until 1957.〔 In the early 1950s, Saad also worked as an athletics educator in Sidon's Maqased Benevolent Society. He had close relations with the Palestinian refugees who were present in the Sidon area in large numbers. He supported them politically and otherwise, while the Palestinian militias in turn offered him their backing. In the second half of the decade he became a staunch political follower of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who was seen by the general Arab population as the paramount leader of the pan-Arabist movement at the time.〔
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